本文探究了西洋参-石菖蒲（X-S）药液对糖尿病认知障碍（DACD）大鼠学习记忆相关脑区的影响．腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导糖尿病大鼠模型，并将动物分为糖尿病组和X-S组，STZ注射7天后给予X-S药，每日1次，连续113天；于STZ注射80天后采用Morris水迷宫方法筛选DACD和非认知障碍（DNCD）大鼠；120天后运用磁共振成像（MRI）技术扫描大鼠全脑，利用感兴趣区（ROI）法和基于体素形态学（VBM）法对各组大鼠大脑灰质和白质进行体积和密度的分析；并通过苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察大鼠海马神经元的形态结构．ROI分析法显示：与DACD组相比，X-S组大鼠左侧颞叶联合皮质体积减小（p<0.05）；VBM分析法显示：与DACD组相比，X-S组大鼠海马CA1、CA3区及其它脑区的体积和密度或增高或降低（p<0.005）．HE染色结果显示：与DACD组相比，X-S组大鼠海马CA1、CA3区的细胞固缩及排列紊乱减轻．结果表明X-S药液对DACD大鼠与学习记忆相关的海马及其它脑区存在双向调节，从而发挥学习记忆能力的改善作用．
This study explored the effects of Panax quinquefolius L.-Acorus Tatarinowii (X-S) on learning and memory behaviors and related brain regions in rats with diabetes-associated cognitive decline (DACD). Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The DM rats were randomly divided into the DM group and X-S group. Starting at day 7 after the STZ induction, X-S was administered once a day for 113 consecutive days. Morris water maze test was performed to screen the DM rats with and without cognitive impairment at 80 days after the STZ induction. The volume and concentration of gray matter and white matter in the whole brain were analyzed from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data acquired at day 120 after the STZ induction, with a region of interest (ROI)-based method and voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Hippocampal neurons were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). The results of ROI-based analysis showed that:the volume of left temporal association cortex of the X-S rats decreased significantly (p<0.05), compared with the DACD rats. The VBM results showed that:the volume or concentration of CA1, CA3 and other brain regions increased or decreased in the X-S rats (p<0.005), compared with the DACD rats. The HE staining results showed that:X-S treatment alleviated cell pyknosis of the CA1 and CA3 neurons. It was concluded that X-S treatment has both positive and negative effects on the hippocampus and other brain areas related to learning and memory in the DACD rats.
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