Chinese Journal of Magnetic Resonance >
Development and Applications of HDX-NMR and HDX-MS in Protein Structure and Dynamics Research
Received date: 2025-06-13
Online published: 2025-09-16
Hydrogen-deuterium exchange nuclear magnetic resonance (HDX-NMR) and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) are key techniques for studying protein structure and dynamics, and have been widely applied to analyzing protein conformational changes in recent years. HDX-NMR provides dynamic information at single amino acid resolution by detecting nuclear magnetic resonance signals after exchange, and is suitable for studying slow exchange regions and conformational changes over long time scales. HDX-MS integrates the advantages of hydrogen-deuterium exchange and high-resolution mass spectrometry, enabling the determination of protein solution structures under near-physiological conditions, and is applicable to complex systems such as macromolecular complexes and membrane proteins. Compared with traditional techniques like X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, HDX-MS is characterized by high sensitivity and low sample demand, while HDX-NMR is superior in site resolution and kinetic analysis. Ongoing technological and methodological optimizations are further broadening the application prospects of both techniques in areas such as protein conformational changes and drug screening. This article reviews their principles, procedures, and analytical methods, compares their similarities and differences, discusses their complementarity and integrated applications, and outlines future directions, aiming to provide references for related research.
Key words： HDX-NMR; HDX-MS; protein; structural dynamics
ZHANG Yuanyuan , WANG Pengcheng , LI Tao , HU Rui , YANG Yunhuang , LIU Maili . Development and Applications of HDX-NMR and HDX-MS in Protein Structure and Dynamics Research[J]. Chinese Journal of Magnetic Resonance, 2025 , 42(4) : 445 -456 . DOI: 10.11938/cjmr20253170
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