磁共振成像技术在儿童运动干预研究中的应用

doi:10.11938/cjmr20243129

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

运动干预作为辅助儿童疾病康复和促进儿童大脑结构功能改善的方法备受关注．磁共振成像技术提供了多种分析方法研究儿童大脑变化，在儿童运动干预研究中得到广泛应用．本文通过分析现有的儿童运动干预研究成果，进一步深入探讨运动干预对儿童大脑的影响、研究中影像技术和干预方法的选择，分析了部分实验差异不明显的原因，并提出了解决建议．本综述总结了磁共振成像技术在儿童运动干预研究中的应用，分析了其重要作用及潜在价值，为后续相关研究提供了有益的参考．

关键词: 磁共振成像, 运动干预, 儿童, 脑

Abstract:

Exercise intervention has become increasingly recognized as an effective method in aiding the rehabilitation of pediatric diseases and promoting structural and functional improvements of the pediatric brain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology offers a range of analytical methods to study brain changes in children and is widely applied in pediatric exercise intervention research. In this paper, we summarize the findings and methodologies of the existing pediatric exercise intervention research and discuss the impact of exercise interventions on the pediatric brain. Additionally, we analyze the potential causes for the lack of significant MRI differences in some experiments and propose corresponding solutions. This review highlights the application of MRI technology in pediatric exercise intervention research, underscores its importance and potential value, and provides a reference for future studies in this field.

Key words: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), exercise intervention, children, brain

中图分类号:

R-331

陈群, 杨子剑, 程心怡, 郏思奕, 杜小霞, 王梦星. 磁共振成像技术在儿童运动干预研究中的应用[J]. 波谱学杂志, 2025, 42(2): 195-204.

CHEN Qun, YANG Zijian, CHENG Xinyi, JIA Siyi, DU Xiaoxia, WANG Mengxing. Application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technology in Pediatric Exercise Intervention Research[J]. Chinese Journal of Magnetic Resonance, 2025, 42(2): 195-204.

图/表 4

表1

不同检查方法在儿童运动干预实验中的结果

文献	检查技术	干预方法	干预时间	实验对象	年龄/岁	干预结果
[5]	sMRI	中等强度组合方案	11周	聋哑儿童	11.01±0.64	右侧小脑前部灰质体积减小
[6]	sMRI	团体有氧运动	12周	脑瘤儿童	11.19±2.98	皮质厚度和右侧运动和躯体感觉皮层下白质体积增加
[7]	sMRI	校内外体育活动	4年	健康儿童	10.1±2.1	海马体体积无明显变化
[10]	DTI	有氧运动	8个月	超重儿童	9.9±0.6	额颞白质FA增加，RD减少
[11]	DTI	下肢选择性动作控制	1个月	早产脑瘫儿童	11.5±2.8	运动相关的白质区域RD和MD显著降低
[12]	DTI	小篮球运动	12周	孤独症儿童	5.13±0.61	白质完整性得到改善
[13]	DTI	调查体育活动水平*	/	健康儿童	9.71±0.28	皮质脊髓束、上纵束和下纵束等表现出更大的FA
[14]	DTI	测量有氧运动能力*	/	健康儿童	9.9±0.6	胼胝体、放射冠、上级纵束表现出更大的FA
[15]	DTI	测量有氧运动能力*	/	健康儿童	14.3±0.9	胼胝体、双侧上放射冠为主的白质纤维束表现出更大的FA
[17]	静息态fMRI	小篮球运动	12周	孤独症儿童	6.40±2.07	感觉运动网络功能连接减少，左颞下回和左尾状核为中心的两个子网络形态连通性降低
[18]	静息态fMRI	小篮球运动	12周	孤独症儿童	5.07±0.59	改善执行控制网络功能连接
[19]	静息态fMRI	小篮球运动	12周	孤独症儿童	5.13±0.64	重塑脑功能网络特征
[20]	静息态fMRI	小篮球运动	12周	孤独症儿童	5.06±0.63	执行功能相关脑区功能局部一致性改变
[21]	静息态fMRI	小篮球运动	12周	孤独症儿童	5.00	改善了默认模式网络的功能连接
[22]	静息态fMRI	中等强度组合方案	11周	聋哑儿童	11.01±0.64	改善执行控制网络功能连接
[23]	静息态fMRI	中等强度有氧运动	短时	健康儿童	10.00	增加了静息状态下脑功能局部一致性
[24]	静息态fMRI	心血管健康和大运动技能*	/	健康儿童	9.13±0.62	与更好的神经认知功能相关
[25]	任务态fMRI	中等强度组合方案	14周	聋哑儿童	10.14±1.03	改善了工作记忆的脑激活模式
[26]	任务态fMRI	中等强度有氧急性运动	短时	健康儿童	10.00	改善多个脑区工作记忆脑激活模式
[27]	任务态fMRI	有氧运动	14周	健康儿童	9.22±0.72	大脑激活无显著影响
[28]	sMRI+ 静息态fMRI	中等强度组合方案	11周	聋哑儿童	11.26±1.24	灰质体积增加，执行控制相关脑区功能连接重组
[29]	sMRI+ 任务态fMRI	中等强度组合方案	11周	聋哑儿童	11.26±1.24	增强聋哑儿童脑结构和脑功能协变网络的小世界属性
[30]	静息态MRI+ 任务态fMRI	课外运动	11周	聋哑儿童	10.136±1.221	左侧海马与其他脑区功能连接增强
[31]	静息态MRI+ 任务态fMRI	有手部抓握训练经历*	/	健康儿童	12.25±1.87	脑区激活程度更强，激活区域更广
[32]	DTI+ 静息态fMRI	有氧运动和认知运动	14周	健康儿童	9.20±0.68	未发现FA、MD和认知功能的改变
[33]	sMRI+ 静息态fMRI	运动课程	10周	超重儿童	10.0±1.1	脑结构以及海马体和前额皮质之间功能连接无显著改变
[37]	MRS	有氧运动	8周	超重儿童	12.24±1.08	位于额叶的感兴趣区脑代谢提高
[38]	MRS	有氧运动	/	超重儿童	12.24±1.08	影响外围器官与中枢神经系统的双向神经信息交流模式，逆转额叶代谢下降

表1

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