磁共振成像技术在轻度创伤性脑损伤诊断与预后中的应用

doi:10.11938/cjmr20253180

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

轻度创伤性脑损伤（Mild Traumatic Brain Injury，mTBI）是临床常见的神经系统损伤，其诊断和管理因症状隐匿性和病理复杂性而具有挑战性．传统影像检查技术如电子计算机断层扫描（Computed Tomography，CT）和常规磁共振成像（Magnetic Resonance Imaging，MRI）虽在急性期评估中占据主导地位，但在微小损伤检测及长期预后评估方面存在局限性．近年来，多模态MRI技术在mTBI研究中不断发展，为揭示其潜在病理机制及探索客观影像学关键指标提供了新的思路．其中磁敏感加权成像（SWI）可敏感检测微出血和脑内铁沉积，酰胺质子转移（APT）成像能够反映分子和代谢水平变化，而扩散与功能MRI技术则有助于刻画白质微结构和脑网络异常．多模态MRI的整合及影像数据库的构建，将是推动早期诊断、精准评估和人工智能辅助干预的重要方向．本文系统综述了相关MRI技术的研究进展，分析其优势与局限，并探讨其在临床转化中的前景．

关键词: 轻度创伤性脑损伤, 磁共振成像, 磁敏感加权成像, 弥散张量成像, 功能磁共振成像

Abstract:

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common neurological disorder in clinical practice, yet its diagnosis and management remain challenging due to the hidden nature of symptoms and the underlying pathological complexity. While imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the mainstay for acute-phase assessment, they have limitations in detecting subtle injuries and evaluating long-term prognosis. In recent years, multimodal MRI technology has been developed in the research of mTBI, offering novel approaches for revealing its potential pathological mechanisms and exploring the key objective imaging indicators. Specifically, susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) is sensitive for detecting microbleeds and iron deposition in the brain; amide proton transfer (APT) imaging reflects changes in molecular and metabolic levels; diffusion and functional imaging techniques help depict abnormalities in white matter microstructure and brain networks. The integration of multimodal MRI and the construction of imaging databases will be important directions for advancing early diagnosis, precise assessment, and AI-assisted intervention. This article systematically reviews research progress of related MRI techniques, analyzes their advantages and limitations, and discusses their prospects in clinical translation.

Key words: mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), functional MRI

中图分类号:

O482.53

傅芬芳, 林国兵, 李梅芳. 磁共振成像技术在轻度创伤性脑损伤诊断与预后中的应用[J]. 波谱学杂志, 2026, 43(2): 214-222.

FU Fenfang, LIN Guobing, LI Meifang. Advances in Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury[J]. Chinese Journal of Magnetic Resonance, 2026, 43(2): 214-222.

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